The Scot was once again forced to come from behind, as he had in a semi-final victory over Juan Monaco, and showed his mettle to enhance his hopes of reaching the ATP World Tour finals in November.
Having trailed 6-2 in a second-set tie-break, Murray somehow managed to force a decider before finishing strongly and completing a 5-7 7-6 (11-9) 6-1 triumph in two and a half hours.
Murray - whose last victory came at Wimbledon in 2013 - is now up to 10th in the ATP Race to London and sits just 105 points behind Tomas Berdych, who occupies the eighth and final qualifying spot.
Robredo, 32, was also seeking to claim his first title since last July, but had to settle for a runner-up finish in the ATP 250 event in China.
The veteran Spaniard made the perfect start, breaking Murray in the first game of the match.
Although the world number 11 hit back in game six, Robredo found another break at 5-5 and served out the set to 15.
Things looked bleak for Murray when, after giving up a two-game advantage in the second set, he found himself 6-2 down in the subsequent tie-break.
However, Robredo spurned four match points in succession and a fifth at 7-6 before eventually going down 11-9 as Murray claimed the set at the third attempt.
The older player wilted significantly thereafter as Murray, 27, reeled off four games in a row to claim a valuable win.