After coming through their quarter-final at the Shanghai Masters on Thursday, the 16-time major champions clinched their position as the top-ranked team in world tennis.
The Americans came from a set down against Colombian duo Juan Sebastian Cabal and Robert Farah, eventually prevailing 3-6 6-4 10-7.
The Bryans are also aiming to complete the career golden masters and become the first duo to win all nine of the existing ATP 1000 events.
Next up is a semi-final clash with Rohan Bopanna and Florin Mergea on Saturday and Mike Bryan is delighted to have secured their place at the summit for another season.
"It's very meaningful to finish the season as the number one team," he said.
"This is always our top goal beginning the year and to achieve this for a 10th time seems a little unreal. We're now shifting our focus to a strong finish to the year highlighted by the ATP World Tour Finals."
Bob Bryan added: "We'll look back on the 2014 season with a lot of pride because we played so well on home soil.
"Winning both Davis Cup matches, the four Masters 1000s, and our fifth US Open was a big thrill for us.
"Huge thanks to our coach, David Macpherson, for helping us continue to improve and our families for the love and support."