James Duckworth's clash with Malek Jaziri went the distance. The Australian recovered after letting a two-set lead slip to triumph 7-6 (7-2) 6-2 3-6 3-6 7-5.
Four sets was the order of the day for Sam Groth, who took care of seeded American, Jack Sock [31] 6-3, 3-6, 6-3, 6-3 in a convincing display.
Blaz Kavcic, Robin Haase and Nicolas Mahut all progressed, despite some resistance from their first-round foes.
Roger Federer led the way on Tuesday as three former Wimbledon champions successfully navigated their way into the second round.
After his eighth victory in Halle last week, Federer looked in sublime form on a sun-drenched Centre Court as he dominated proceedings against Damir Dzumhur.
Federer - who beat Dzumhur in straight sets at Roland Garros earlier this year - was never worried by his Bosnian opponent, his elegant backhand and supreme movement giving him total control.
He wrapped up a 6-1 6-3 6-3 win in just over an hour.
Rafael Nadal showed no signs of the trouble he had at the Aegon Championships, cruising to a 6-4 6-2 6-4 win against Thomaz Bellucci - who only troubled the two-time champion on fleeting occasions.
Andy Murray - champion in 2013 - is also through after he won against the big-serving Mikhail Kukushkin, the home favourite needing two hours and 16 minutes to record a 6-4 7-6 (7-3) 6-4 triumph.
Tomas Berdych, meanwhile, faced a stern examination of his capabilities as he triumphed 6-2 6-7 (10-8) 7-6 (7-3) 7-6 (7-5) over Jeremy Chardy, both players having contend with worsening light late on in the encounter.
Tuesday was a good day for the seeds as nine of the other 10 in action avoided first-round upsets at the grass-court grand slam.
That meant straight-set wins for Gael Monfils, Roberto Bautista-Agut, Fabio Fognini, Gilles Simon, Andreas Seppi and 15th seed Feliciano Lopez.
It was not so easy for 13th seed Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, though - the Frenchman taken to five sets by Gilles Muller before progressing 7-6 (10-8) 6-7 (3-7) 6-4 3-6 6-2.
2013 champion @andy_murray hits his 600th #Wimbledon ace en route to a 6-4, 7-6, 6-4 victory over Mikhail Kukushkin pic.twitter.com/KKrP9FF8Mg
— Wimbledon (@Wimbledon) June 30, 2015
Ivo Karlovic needed to come from a set down to beat Elias Ymer - the Croatian winning the third game of the second set with four aces - while Viktor Troicki overcame the threat of Aleksandr Nedovyesov in four sets.
The only seed not to progress was Guillermo Garcia-Lopez, the 29th seed beaten by Spanish compatriot Pablo Andujar after more than three hours on court.
Dustin Brown will face Nadal after he came from a set down to beat Lu Yen-hsun, while Borna Coric recorded his first Wimbledon victory as he outlasted Sergiy Stakhovsky in a five-set thriller - the 18-year-old taking the decider 9-7.
Things were a lot easier for Benoit Paire, Alexandr Dologpolov, Nikoloz Basilashvili, Sam Querrey and Lukas Rosol, who all recorded straight-sets wins, while Denis Istomin's retirement gave Albert Ramos his second-round place.
Aljaz Bedene marked his first Wimbledon as a British citizen by coming from two sets to one down to beat Radek Stepanek, while James Ward saw off lucky loser Luca Vanni - a late replacement for David Ferrer.
In the day's remaining matches, Jiri Vesely edged three tight sets to get the better of Pablo Lorenzi, and Adrian Mannarino came from behind to progress past Michael Berrer.