The 24-year-old finished second in his home race - the first Australian to claim a podium finish at the event - but was later excluded from the standings after it was found that he had broken regulations regarding the fuel-flow rate.
Formula One's Court of Appeal met in Paris on Monday and decided against reinstating Ricciardo.
The International Automobile Federation (FIA) said: "The court decided to uphold the decision of the stewards to exclude Red Bull Racing's car No.3 from the results of the 2014 Australian Grand Prix."
Red Bull had been confident of overturning the initial judgement after citing a faulty FIA-supplied fuel gauge as the source of the issue.
Team principal Christian Horner described the team's case as "very strong", but their hopes of having Ricciardo's 18 points restored to his total have now been dashed.
A statement from the team read: "Infiniti Red Bull Racing accepts the ruling of the International Court of Appeal today. We are of course disappointed by the outcome and would not have appealed if we didn't think we had a very strong case.
"We always believed we adhered to the technical regulations throughout the 2014 Australian Grand Prix. We are sorry for Daniel (Ricciardo) that he will not be awarded the 18 points from the event, which we think he deserved."
It compounds a frustrating start to the new Formula One season for Red Bull, who have seen defending world champion Sebastian Vettel fall 38 points behind Mercedes' Nico Rosberg after just three races.
The championship heads to China this weekend, where Vettel finished fourth last season, while Ricciardo - then competing for Toro Rosso - took seventh spot.