The Mercedes driver produced a masterclass in wet conditions to take pole on Saturday and was in a class of his own once again at the Shanghai International Circuit as he took the chequered flag 18.6 seconds ahead of team-mate Rosberg.
After winning in Malaysia and Bahrain, Hamilton set the pace once again in China to claim a third win in a row for the first time in his Formula One career.
Mercedes' dominance continued as Rosberg finished second for the third consecutive race to maintain a slender lead in the overall standings over Hamilton, who now has 25 grand prix victories to his name.
Fernando Alonso claimed Ferrari's first podium finish of the season as he took third place at the end of a turbulent week in which his close friend Stefano Domenicali was replaced by Marco Mattiacci as team principal.
There was more frustration for reigning champion Sebastian Vettel, who was not impressed with team orders to allow Daniel Ricciardo to pass him before finishing fifth, with his Australian team-mate taking fourth place.