Marquez suffered a minor crash during morning practice – in which he was fastest in both sessions – before claiming pole at Silverstone later in the day.
The reigning world champion has won 10 out of 11 races this year, only failing to win at the Czech Grand Prix in Brno earlier this month.
And his 10th pole success of the season means he is well-placed to enhance his lead atop the standings.
Andrea Dovizioso (Ducati) and Jorge Lorenzo (Movistar Yamaha) were second and third in qualifying respectively, but Marquez again stole the show and hinted at a quicker performance in Sunday's main race.
"It was only a small crash [in practice] but I was still careful in qualifying," Marquez told BT Sport.
"I'm happy with the bike and hoping for a good day [on Sunday] and fighting for victory."
Dovizioso was happy with his performance but acknowledged that usurping Marquez on Sunday would be a difficult task.
"The team has worked really hard and I am so happy with the results," Dovizioso said.
"The race will be difficult but we are improving."