The American was well out of contention at eight-under overall after going one over through 11 holes before his run of birdies saw him eclipse the field and finish with a six-under 64 at TPC River Highlands in Connecticut.
Streelman became the first man to win a tournament on the PGA Tour with seven consecutive birdies to finish, as he sealed his second tour title after his maiden win in March 2013.
The 35-year-old Arizona resident reeled in Spain's Sergio Garcia and South Korea's KJ Choi - tied for second at 14 under - after the pair carded three-under 67s.
Australia's Aaron Baddeley was outright fourth, after he carded his worst round of the week (69) to be two shots behind Streelman on 13 under.
Overnight leader Ryan Moore shot over par (71) as he fell to a share of fifth place with Brendan Steele (66) on 12 under.
Also in the top 10 were Americans Jeff Maggert, Chad Campbell and Harris English, tied for seventh with Sweden's Carl Pettersson on 11 under.
Brandt Snedeker (64) had a big finish to rocket to a tie for 11th, while Miguel Angel Carballo (63), Stuart Appleby (64) and Jason Day (65) also had strong final rounds to catapult themselves inside the top 20.
Defending champion Ken Duke (68) carded his second under-par round of the week to finish tied for 46th.
Top-15 ranked players Bubba Watson, Matt Kuchar and Dustin Johnson finished at six-under overall, after final rounds of 68, 69 and 71 respectively.