The Nigeria-born Qatari sprinter clocked a time of 9.93 seconds to take glory in Incheon, ahead of China's Su Bingtian and Japan's Kei Tasake.
Yousef Ahmed Masrahi also set a new Games record in the men's 400m, as he topped the podium with a time of 44.46secs.
The Saudi Arabian took bronze in Guangzhou four years ago, and he went two better this time round, while Oluwakemi Mujidat Adekoya of Bahrain crossed the line first in the women's 400m.
There were further Games records in the men's 20 kilometre walk, won by China's Whang Zen in one hour 19 minutes 45 seconds, and in the women's hammer throw final, where Zhang Wenxiu took gold with a distance of 77.33m.
China also tasted success in the women's 100m, with Wei Yongli beating off the competition, while compatriot Lu Xiuzhi took glory in the women's 20km walk and another Chinese competitor, Xue Changrui, came out on top in the men's pole vault.
Host nation South Korea picked up three of the four gold medals on offer in the archery - China winning the other - and Wang Yihan avenged her Olympic defeat by beating Li Xuerui to gold in the women's badminton singles.
The Indonesian pair of Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan won gold in the men's doubles badminton final, seeing off the challenge of South Korean duo Yoo Yeon-seong and Lee Yong-dae.
Home favourite Jang Kyung-gu delighted the watching crowd to take gold in the men's cycling road race, while the men's golf team were forced to settle for silver behind their rivals from Chinese Taipei.
Pang Cheng-tsung was a member of that victorious party, and he also took gold in the men's individual event while in the women's events Thailand won the team competition and Park Gyeol took individual gold.
In the wrestling, freestyle 65 kilogramme gold went to India's Yogeshwar Dutt, with Reza Yazdani topping the podium in the 97kg category.
Saori Yoshida and Zhou Feng took gold in the women's 55kg and 75kg classes respectively.
South Korea took gold in the baseball by defeating Chinese Taipei 6-3 and Thailand dominated the Sepaktakraw events, beating South Korea and Myanmar to win the men's and women's finals.
Qatar took gold in the equestrian jumping team event, with Saudi Arabia taking silver and bronze going to Japan.
Japan's men won gold in the bowling trios, while South Korea were victorious in the women's competition, while the Chinese pair of Ma Yuanyuan and Xia Zinyi took glory in the women's beach volleyball final.