The off-spinner, who caused controversy in 2010 by intentionally bowling a no-ball to Virender Sehwag to deny the India batsman a century, has not featured in a limited-overs game for his country since August 2011 against Australia.
However, the 29-year-old has been called up to the 15-man squad for the three-match series with Pakistan as Sri Lanka look for further success after a 2-0 victory in the preceding Test series.
Randiv could partner Rangana Herath, who took a remarkable 23 wickets to light up the Test series, in the spin attack in place of Dilruwan Perera, who has not been included in the squad.
All-rounder Seekkuge Prasanna, whose last ODI appearance came in December last year against the same opposition, also earns a recall, while Upul Tharanga remains in the side following strong performances in the Test series with South Africa and Pakistan.
Nuwan Kulasekara returns after being dropped for the two recent Test series and is likely to feature among the seamers alongside Lasith Malinga.
The ODI series gets underway on Saturday in Hambantota.
Squad in full:
Angelo Mathews (captain), Tillakaratne Dilshan, Upul Tharanga, Kumar Sangakkara, Mahela Jayawardena, Dinesh Chandimal, Ashan Priyanjan, Lahiru Thirimanne, Lasith Malinga, Nuwan Kulasekara, Dhammika Prasad, Rangana Herath, Seekuge Prasanna, Suraj Randiv, Thisara Perera.