The disease first reared its head in 2012, with Crowe undergoing chemotherapy which put the problem into remission.
But the 77-Test veteran for the Black Caps revealed he will receive further treatment.
"After a brilliant year of self discovery and recovery I have more work to do. My friend & tough taskmaster Lymphoma is back to teach me," Crowe tweeted on Wednesday.
Crowe long held the record of highest Test score by a New Zealander - 299 against Sri Lanka in 1991 - before Brendon McCullum's triple century against India in February.
Crowe captained the Kiwis at the 1992 World Cup in Australia and New Zealand, leading them to a semi-final appearance and their best win-loss record at the one-day tournament (7-2).