Taylor, a 16-time world champion, was quick out of the blocks and stormed to a 3-0 win in the opening set, requiring just three shots at double to strike the first blow to Germany's Artut at Alexandra Palace.
The 54-year-old's perfect run of doubles continued until the fifth leg of the second set, but the miss did not prevent Taylor completing another rout.
Set three was not as straightforward, with Artut picking up two legs, but Taylor's progression to the second round never looked in doubt.
Last year's beaten finalist Peter Wright is also safely through to the next round thanks to a 3-0 win over former rugby union player Gerwyn Price.
A bright start from Scotland's Wright saw him claim the first set 3-1 with an average of more than 104, but he went 2-1 down to the Welshman in the second.
Price missed one dart at double 20 which would have seen him claim the set and restore parity, allowing Wright to pounce and extend his advantage.
Wright had to fight hard once again in the third set, coming from behind to book his place in the second round.
Andy Hamilton's first-round clash with Canada's Dave Richardson was a much tighter affair, with the 2012 runner-up emerging a 3-2 victor.
After winning the opening set 3-0, Hamilton fell 2-1 behind as an upset looked like being on the cards.
However, Hamilton recovered well to take the final two sets 3-0.
Causing an upset in the final match of the night was Germany's Saascha Stein, the preliminary round winner downing 32nd seed Stuart Kellett 3-1.
Stein, who qualified for the main draw with a 4-1 win over Kim Viljanen earlier in the evening, jumped out of the blocks against Englishman Kellett, winning the first set 3-0.
And despite Kellett squaring the match at one-set all, Stein won the following two sets in deciding fifth legs to book a second-round date with defending champion Michael van Gerwen.