The event, which takes place between February 18 and 22 next year, will be held in the new 5,000-seat capacity national velodrome in the town of Saint Quentin en Yvelines, located in Paris.
France last held the World Championships in 2006, with Bordeaux the host city on that occasion.
"We were very impressed by the new velodrome of Saint Quentin en Yvelines at the inauguration and are delighted that track cycling's flagship event will be staged in these state-of-the-art facilities, in front of passionate and knowledgeable spectators," UCI presidnent Brian Cookson said in a statement.
"It is without a doubt destined to become one of the landmark venues of modern cycling."
French Cycling Federation (FFC) president, David Lappartient, added: "France is honored by the UCI's decision. The French Cycling Federation and its stakeholders are delighted to host the UCI World Championships in our brand new national velodrome.
"Creating these globally recognised facilities was our objective at the FFC. The organization of major cycling events is a reflection of our ambitions for the development of French cycling."